Merlin - Arthurs Welsh Wizard

From: Subject: Merlin - Arthurs Welsh Wizard Date: Fri, 14 Dec 2007 10:44:10 -0600 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_011D_01C83E3E.425A7CA0" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.3198 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_011D_01C83E3E.425A7CA0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.walesonline.com/info/hist/merlin.shtml Merlin - Arthurs Welsh Wizard

About=20 Wales

3D"DVD

=20 Main Menu =

Page = 1

About=20 Wales

=20 History

Intro

Cambrian=

Paviland=

Merlin Ambrosius, Merddin Emrys

It was = Geoffrey of=20 Monmouth who introduced Merlin into the mythos of King Arthur. The = name=20 Myrddin is altered to Merlin to avoid a resemblance to the obscene = French=20 word merde. While Geoffrey is remembered most for his character of = Arthur,=20 it was Merlin whom he concentrated on, making the prophetic bard a = central=20 character of his three books: Prophetiae Merlini, Historiae Regum=20 Britanniae and Vita Merlini. As a result of this second book, = where Merlin=20 appears in the tales of the king Vortigern, Aurelius Ambrosius and = Uther=20 Pendragon who reigned immediately before Arthur, Merlin in some = later=20 works also became a character in tales of Arthur.

Geoffrey tells only three tales of Merlin. In the first = Geoffrey=20 applies to Merlin the story of the boy without a father which = Nennius told=20 of Aurelius Ambrosius. Merlin is begotten on a king's daughter by = a demon=20 and the episode is now placed at Carmarthen, in Welsh Caer = Myrddin.=20 Geoffrey simply and baldly states that Merlin was also called = Ambrosius to=20 cover over his changing of Nennius. A long section of prophecy is = added at=20 this point. The second tale tells how Merlin created Stonehenge as = a=20 burial place for Aurelius Ambrosius. The third tale tells how by=20 shape-changing magic Merlin enabled Uther Pendragon to enter into = Tintagel=20 in disguise and father his son Arthur. These episodes also appear = in many=20 later adaptations of Geoffrey's account.

Somewhat later the poet Robert de Boron retold this = material in his=20 poem Merlin with many expansions but with details garbled and = changed in a=20 way that suggests that the version of Wace, who adapted Geoffrey's = account=20 into French, had entered oral tradition and that this oral = tradition was=20 what Robert knew along with some other Merlin tales. Only a few = lines of=20 the poem have survived. But a prose retelling became popular and = was later=20 incorporated into two other romances.

In Robert's account Merlin is begotten by a devil from = hell on a=20 virgin (though she did not miraculously remain virgin) as an = intended=20 Antichrist. But his expectant mother, advised by her confessor and = counsellor Blaise who realised what was amiss, had the boy = baptized at=20 birth to foil this Satanic plot. However, being half-demon, Merlin = still=20 had tremendous magical powers to know what was happening past and = present=20 and God himself gave him prophetic knowledge of the = future.

Robert de Boron lays great emphasis on Merlin's power to = change his=20 shape, on his joking personality and on his connection to the = Grail. This=20 text introduces Merlin's master Blaise, who is pictured as writing = Merlin's deeds which Merlin dictates to him, explaining how they = came to=20 be known and preserved. It also connects Merlin with the Holy=20 Grail.

As the Arthurian mythos was retold and embellished upon, = Merlin's=20 prophetic aspects were sometimes de-emphasized in favor of = portraying=20 Merlin as a wizard and elder advisor to Arthur. On the other hand = in Prose=20 Lancelot it is said that Merlin was never baptized and never did = any good=20 in his life, only evil. Medieval Arthurian tales abound in=20 inconsistancies.

In the Prose Lancelot and later accounts Merlin's = eventual downfall=20 came from his lusting after a woman named Nimue, who coaxed his = magical=20 secrets from him, eventually turning the magic he had taught her = against=20 him and imprisoning him either in a cave where he died or in a = magical and=20 invisible palace where he may live still. This was unfortunate for = Arthur,=20 depriving him of Merlin's counsel.

There are three such accounts of Merlin in Arthur's day = which also=20 cover the early days of Arthur's reign. The earliest, known as the = Vulgate=20 Merlin, includes Robert de Boron's Merlin. It was intended as a = sort of=20 prequel to the three romances of the Lancelot Cycle. An incomplete = variant=20 version known as The Book of Arthur also exists. The second is = sometimes=20 called the Huth Merlin or the Post-Vulgate Suite de Merlin or just = the=20 Suite de Merlin or Post-Vulgate Merlin. It is part of a long prose = romance=20 that has not survived intact but which is now known as The Book of = the=20 Grail or the Post-Vulgate Cycle, intended as an entire history of = the=20 Grail and of Arthur and his knights. This also includes Robert de = Boron's=20 Merlin. The third work is called The Prophecies of Merlin and = contains=20 long prophecies of Merlin (mostly concerned with thirteenth = century=20 Italian politics!), some by his ghost after his death. The = prophecies are=20 interspersed with episodes relating Merlin's deeds and with = various=20 Arthurian adventures in which Merlin does not appear at = all.

The American writer Mark Twain made Merlin the villain in = his novel=20 A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court.

A modern variation of Merlin was seen in T.H. White's = Arthurian=20 retelling, The Once and Future King, in which Merlyn, as White = calls him,=20 has the curious affliction of living backwards in time to everyone = else.=20 Dan Simmons used this notion in his Hyperion, the young woman = Rachel in=20 this book suffering the "Merlin Sickness", growing progressively = younger=20 and forgetting her life day by day.

In most modern popular interpretations such as in fantasy = literature and superhero stories, Merlin is depicted as a wizard = of=20 ultimate power.

All article text is available under the terms = of the GNU Free Documentation License, copyright Wikipedia=20 contributors.
All other aspects are copyright=A9 1998-2004=20 Walesonline
Sponsored by DvdWales.com

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